I expect even quite literate native English speakers to sometimes make mistakes with subject-verb agreement in any form of sentence other than the most trivial.
E.g. I am not surprised to read "Distance to the server is one of the factors that affects latency."
e.g. means "example given", it's being used correctly in this case; i.e. is a bit more subtle as it's Latin for "id est", which is more like a "that is to say..."
Both would work in this case, but e.g. is not incorrect.
E.g. I am not surprised to read "Distance to the server is one of the factors that affects latency."