The Workers / Developer Platform team is generally happy to hire anywhere in American or European time zones where Cloudflare already has a legal entity set up to support such hiring. This includes many countries in Europe but not all of them -- you will have to ask the recruiter. The Workers team is hesitant to hire in Asia / Australia mostly due to difficulty of scheduling team meetings, but might make an exception for an exceptional candidate. Some other Cloudflare teams operate in those time zones regularly (especially SRE, which naturally has to operate in all time zones).

The note about US export control laws applies to countries that US companies are explicitly forbidden from working with, like Iran. It does not apply to most of the world.